{"id":16421,"date":"2019-12-08T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/uncategorized\/beli-hrast-quercus-alba-hrast-luznjak-quercus-robur-americki-crni-hrast-quercus-velutina-crveni-hrast-quercus-rubra-saveti-dr-kristofera\/"},"modified":"2019-12-08T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-12-08T00:00:00","slug":"beli-hrast-quercus-alba-hrast-luznjak-quercus-robur-americki-crni-hrast-quercus-velutina-crveni-hrast-quercus-rubra-saveti-dr-kristofera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/blogovi\/dr-dzon-kristofer-blogovi\/beli-hrast-quercus-alba-hrast-luznjak-quercus-robur-americki-crni-hrast-quercus-velutina-crveni-hrast-quercus-rubra-saveti-dr-kristofera\/","title":{"rendered":"Beli hrast (Quercus alba); Hrast lu\u017enjak (Quercus robur); Ameri\u010dki crni hrast (Quercus velutina); Crveni hrast (Quercus rubra) &#8211; saveti dr Kristofera"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Karakteristike po kojima se prepoznaje u prirodi:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Stabljika <\/strong>\u2013 Beli hrast: veli\u010danstveno drvo, visine od 18 m do 24 m, debljine od 1 do 2,5 m, razgranat; kora je bledo braonkasta, vrp\u010dasta, vlaknasta, \u010dvrsta sa hrapavim brazdama, od 2 mm do 1 cm debljine, nije odmah pogodna za mlevenje, ne boji pljuva\u010dku u \u017euto kada se sa\u017eva\u0107e.Lu\u017enjak hrast: veliko drvo, od 24 m do 30 m visine; kora i grane mladog drveta su sivkaste i glatke, sjajne sa spolja\u0161nje strane, a braonkaste sa unutra\u0161nje strane, vlaknastih pukotina, hrapave unutra\u0161nje povr\u0161ine koje projektuju sr\u017ene zrakove. Crni hrast: veliko drvo, od 24 m do 30 m visine, od 0,9 m do 1,2 m debljine, li\u010di na beli hrast, samo je crvenkasto-braon boje i oboji pljuva\u010dku u braonkasto-\u017eutu boju.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Listovi <\/strong>\u2013 Beli hrast: Veliki, svetlozeleni, glatki, zelenkasto-plavi (pra\u0161kasto prevu\u010deni) sa istaknutim \u017eilama ispod, od 4 do 6 re\u017enjeva, imaju peteljku, braonkasti kada se su\u0161e. Lu\u017enjak hrast: Stari listovi dlakavi (Q. pubescens), glatki listovi (Q. pedunculata, Q. sessiliflora). Crni hrast: Duguljasti i sa re\u017enjevima, od 15 cm do 20 cm duga\u010dki, imaju o\u0161tre zavr\u0161etke.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Cvetovi <\/strong>\u2013 Beli hrast: Jednodomni (pra\u0161nik i tu\u010dak su na istoj biljci), pra\u0161nik sa cvetnim resama, mali cvet sa tu\u010dkom. Lu\u017enjak hrast: Tu\u010dak cveta je na dr\u0161ci ili stabljici (Q. pedunculata), cvetovi su nepomi\u010dni (Q. sessiliflora).<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Plod<\/strong> \u2013 Beli hrast: Jednosemeni ovalni orah ili \u017eir, sme\u0161ten u omota\u010d u obliku \u010da\u0161e. Lu\u017enjak hrast: Na dr\u0161kama ili stabljikama (Q. pedunculata) ili nepomi\u010dan (Q. sessiliflora). Crni hrast: \u017dir, od 1,2 cm do 1,9 cm duga\u010dak, 1,2 cm je debeo, ima plitak ali debeo omota\u010d.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ukus <\/strong>\u2013 jako jedak.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Miris <\/strong>\u2013 svojstven, blago aromati\u010dan.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Delovi biljke za upotrebu u lekovite svrhe: <\/strong>Uglavnom unutra\u0161nja kora, listovi, \u017eir, \u017eirov omota\u010d.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Lekovito dejstvo: <\/strong>Sna\u017ean astrigent, lagan antiseptik, blagi stimulans, tonik, hemostatik, protivotrov, sredstvo za sni\u017eavanje temperature, antiemetik, diuretik, sredstvo za uklanjanje glista.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beli hrast ima prioritet kod herbalista, hrast lu\u017enjak je terapeutski sli\u010dan, a crveni i crni hrast se prete\u017eno koriste za spolja\u0161nju upotrebu. Postoji oko 80 vrsta hrastova, koji se klasifikuju od \u017ebunova do drve\u0107a, koji se sa svojim \u017eirovima mogu sli\u010dno upotrebljavati. Zbog svojih sna\u017enih astrigentnih svojstava, kora hrasta se koristi i za spolja\u0161nja i za unutra\u0161nja krvarenja. Ono \u010disti nagri\u017eenu povr\u0161inu ko\u017ee i sluznicu. Isteruje male de\u010dije gliste, podi\u017ee protok urina, uklanja \u017eu\u010d i kamenje u bubrezima. Ima pro\u010di\u0161\u0107avaju\u0107i i osve\u017eavaju\u0107i uticaj na \u010ditav probavni trakt.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Lekovita upotreba: <\/strong>Spolja\u0161nje i unutra\u0161nje krvarenje, dijareja, dizenterija, prolaps materice, prolaps anusa, opu\u0161tena vagina, rane u ustima, desni, ulcerisano i upaljeno grlo, difterija, semene emisije, gnojna be\u0161ika, krv u mokra\u0107i, male de\u010dije gliste, zapaljenja, vrele groznice, infekcije, problem sa matericom, hemoroidi, pro\u0161irene vene, problemi sa jetrom i bubrezima, gu\u0161avost, tumori, otekli \u010direvi, te\u0161ki tumori, ranjava mesta, ko\u017ene bolesti, prstenaste gliste, katar, ljuskav osip, problemi sa debelim crevom, gonoreja, hroni\u010dna infekcija uretre, stoma\u010dni problemi, opu\u0161teno tkivo, drozd, infant kolera, hemoptizija, su\u0161ica, prolaps resica, gangrena, prah za zube, ispiranje, trovanje.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Preparati:<\/strong> Esencija, te\u010dni ekstrakt, infuzija, prah, tinktura.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Doziranje:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Esencija: <\/strong>2 supene ka\u0161ike, do 60 ml.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Te\u010dni ekstrakt:<\/strong> 1\/2 do 1 \u010dajna ka\u0161i\u010dica.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Infuzija:<\/strong> 1 puna \u0161olja.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Prah: <\/strong>325 mg do 1 g.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Tinktura:<\/strong> 1\/4 do 1\/2 \u010dajne ka\u0161i\u010dice.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">PRIMENA U LEKOVITE SVRHE<\/h1>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Analna<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Problemi sa debelim crevom, prolaps anusa, dijareja, dizenterija, gonoreja, hroni\u010dna infekcija uretre: <\/strong>Koristite ubrizgavanje u malim i \u010destim dozama.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Oralna<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Difterija: <\/strong>Kada se sumnja na blag nadra\u017eaj ispirati grlo te\u010dno\u0161\u0107u od kore hrasta, sa malo kajenske paprike ili preparata u prahu (mirika, \u0111umbir, kora bele topole, borova kora, karanfili\u0107, kajenska paprika) da bi se zaustavilo dalje napredovanje.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gnojno i upaljeno grlo: <\/strong>Koristiti esenciju za ispiranje grla.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>De\u010dije male gliste:<\/strong> Piti 1 \u0161olju infuzije 3 puta dnevno.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Krvarenje u ustima, ispljuvavanje krvi, povra\u0107anje:<\/strong> Popiti \u010daj od kore drveta i prah od omota\u010da \u017eira.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Trovanje i otrovni ujedi, gnojna be\u0161ika, krv u urinu: <\/strong>Koristiti prah od \u017eira i\/ili \u010daj od kore drveta.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Zapaljenja, infekcije, groznice: <\/strong>Destilovana voda sa lisnim pupoljcima je odli\u010dna za spolja\u0161nju i unutra\u0161nju upotrebu.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Leukoreja:<\/strong> Upotrebljavati infuziju od listova.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dizenterija, dijareja:<\/strong> Koristiti male doze infuzije.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Ko\u017ena<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Otrovni ujedi: <\/strong>Uzeti \u010daj interno, a eksterno staviti toplu oblogu od \u017eirovog praha i unutra\u0161nje kore.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bolna usta i bolne desni: <\/strong>Koristiti esenciju za ispiranje. \u010cirevi, rane, pro\u0161irene vene, tumori, ko\u017ene bolesti (ekcemi, li\u0161aj na ko\u017ei, psorijaza itd.), zapaljenja, itd.: Koristiti esenciju za ispiranje i kupati se 3-4 puta dnevno (razrediti za otvorene rane), tako\u0111e i toplu oblogu sa kuvanim \u017eitaricama, obmotati oko zara\u017eenog dela i dobro prekriti flanelom.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gangrena: <\/strong>Primeniti koru u prahu kao toplu oblogu.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gu\u0161avost: <\/strong>Primeniti vru\u0107u oblogu od jake esencije unutra\u0161nje kore hrasta; vezati oko ote\u010dene \u017elezde vunenom ili flanelnom tkaninom i ponoviti koliko je puta potrebno.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Vaginalna<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Leukoreja, prolaps materce, opu\u0161tena vagina itd.: <\/strong>Koristiti vaginalno ubrizgavanje.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">LEKOVITE FORMULE<\/h1>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Krvarenje<br \/>\n(plu\u0107a, \u017eeludac i creva)<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo belog hrasta (Quercus alba)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo sr\u010denja\u010de (Potentilla erecta)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo zimskog rastavi\u0107a (Equisetum hyemale)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo ho\u0107u-ne\u0107u (Capsella bursa pastoris)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Preparat: <\/strong>Potopiti 30 g biljaka u 470 ml provrele vode.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Doziranje: <\/strong>2 do 3 ka\u0161ike na svakih pola sata koliko je god potrebno.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Kancerogene rane<br \/>\n(melem)<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">15 g belog hrasta (Quercus alba)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">9 g \u017ealfije (Salvia officinalis)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">15 g sr\u010denja\u010de (Potentilla erecta)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">9 g zimskog rastavi\u0107a (Equisetum hyemale)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 \u010dajna ka\u0161i\u010dica mati\u010dnjaka (Melissa officinalis)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Preparat:<\/strong> Potopiti pola sata u 1 l vode, procediti, smanjiti na 200 ml blagim kuvanjem, dodati 230 g meda, dovesti do klju\u010danja i skinuti penu; zatim ostaviti da se ohladi.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Primena: <\/strong>Stavljati 2 puta dnevno na rane.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Kolitis<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo unutra\u0161nje kore belog hrasta (Quercus alba)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo kanadskog ljuti\u0107a (Hydrastis Canadensis)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1\/4 dela smole smirne (Commiphora myrrha, var. molmol)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Preparat: <\/strong>1 \u010dajnu ka\u0161i\u010dicu bilja sipati u \u0161olju provrele vode. Dr\u017eati toplim 15<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">do 20 minuta.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Doziranje: <\/strong>Oralno 2 supene ka\u0161ike 3 do 4 puta dnevo, a ubrizgavanjem putem anusa.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Difterija<br \/>\n(ispiranje grla)<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo unutra\u0161nje kore belog hrasta (Quercus alba)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo ameri\u010dkog persimona (Diospyros virginiana)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 deo listova divizme (Verbascum thapsus)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Preparat:<\/strong> Napraviti jaku esenciju, procediti i dodati med.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Primena:<\/strong> Koristiti za ispiranje grla.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Upala krajnika<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 \u010dajna ka\u0161i\u010dica unutra\u0161nje kore belog hrasta (Quercus alba)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 \u010dajna ka\u0161i\u010dica ameri\u010dkog persimona (Diospyros virginiana)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 \u010dajna ka\u0161i\u010dica kanadskog ljuti\u0107a (Hydrastis Canadensis)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Preparat: <\/strong>Potopiti u 240 ml provrele vode 20 minuta.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Primena: <\/strong>Koristiti \u010distu te\u010dnost za ispiranje grla.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Dijareja<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">15 g listova belog hrasta ili unutra\u0161nje kore (Quercus alba)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">15 g listova maline (Rubus idaeus)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">7 g cimeta u prahu (Cinnamomum verum)<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Preparat:<\/strong> Staviti u 470 ml provrele vode i dobro prekriti dok se ne ohladi, zatim procediti.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Doziranje: <\/strong>60 ml 4 puta dnevno. Za odoj\u010dad: 1\/2 \u010dajne ka\u0161i\u010dice. Za decu: 1 \u010dajna ka\u0161i\u010dica.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Karakteristike pri rastu:<\/strong> Vi\u0161egodi\u0161nja biljka, prona\u0111ena u Severnoj Americi, Evropi (veliki broj vrsta raste u SAD).<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sestrinske biljke:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#160;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2013 Alepo hrast (Quercus infectoria, Allepo oak); poznat po izraslinama na mladim gran\u010dicama (nastala su probadanjem i ostavljanjem jaja\u0161ca od strane ose ili zolje-Cynips gallae tinctoriae) koje sadr\u017ee 15-75% taninske kiseline i 5% galne kiseline i koriste se za krvarenja, dijareju, dispepsiju, koleru, opu\u0161tene resice, prehlade, difteriju, zubobolju, leukoreju, ispucale bradavice, zapaljenje uretre, gonoreju, \u010dir, promrzline, hroni\u010dni bronhitis, veliki ka\u0161alj, su\u0161icu, grip, fisure, hemoroide, prolaps debelog creva i materice, zapaljenje mokra\u0107ne be\u0161ike, otekle desni, tvrdu ko\u017eu oko uraslih noktiju, itd.; koristiti ubrizgavanje infuzijom, ispirati grlo, itd.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karakteristike po kojima se prepoznaje u prirodi: &#160; Stabljika \u2013 Beli hrast: veli\u010danstveno drvo, visine od 18 m do 24<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16422,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dr-dzon-kristofer-blogovi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16421"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16421\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centarzaprirodnumedicinu.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}